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They had also learned (or rather remembered) at least one lesson. In the Second Afghan War (1878-80), which ended with the defeat of Ayub Khan, Mahammad's grandson, the British were, indeed, victorious. Malleson began his History of Afghanistan (1879) with this anecdote, because he wished to explain to his British readers why "this country of rocks and stones" had "an importance beyond its territorial value." Malleson had some explaining to do, since Britain was already fighting the second of three wars over Afghanistan.
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It was on that occasion that he expressed his bewilderment to the governor general.Ĭolonel G.B. When the First Afghan War ended in 1842, with the treacherous destruction of a British force that numbered (including civilians) 16,000, Amir Dost Mahammad was permitted to return to the people he ruled. In the inevitable war they had pro- voked, the British defeated the Afghans, and Mahammad himself surrendered in 1840.ĭefeat and political decapitation were not enough to secure control over the country. The British governor general, however, instructed Mahammad that to receive British assistance, he had to surrender control over his foreign policy to Britain, but, in return, the only help the British offered was the dubious protection of Ranjit Singh himself. Mahammad, though he was courted by Russia, preferred Britain. These were the years of the Great Game between Russia and Britain over control of the region. Ranjit Singh, the Sikh ruler of Punjab, seized Peshawar, an important fortress town that Mahammad had to recover, but in asserting his right and defending his territory, he involved himself in a struggle among far greater powers. These Pashtun rulers had powerful enemies and rivals. Mahammad received Ghazni, to which he later added Kabul, but his troubles had only begun. They drove Mahmud from his throne and parceled out his territories among themselves. As the leaders of the Barakzai tribe, Fatteh Khan's brothers had to seek vengeance. His elder brother, Fatteh Khan, had been assassinated by Mahmud Shah Durrani, the very ruler of Afghanistan he had restored to his throne. Mahammad had spent much of his life fighting to preserve his kingdom. With these words, Amir Dost Mahammad bade farewell to the British Governor General of India at the end of the First Afghan War (1839-42). I have been down to Calcutta, and have been astonished with your wealth, your palaces, your marts, and your mint but to me the most wonderful thing of all is that so wise and wealthy a nation could have ever entertained the project of occupying such a country as Kabul, where there is nothing but rocks and stones. Your forts, your arsenals, your ships, all are admirable. I have seen a great deal of your government since I came to India. Carthage and Egypt have special factional mercenaries that they can recruit anywhere.This is a slightly corrected Perspective on Afghanistan published in 2010. Units that exist in all reforms are marked by the letter regions.Īll factions have access to the following mercenary units. Requires Roman Auxiliary Barracks and Marian or Imperial Reforms for most units. *Some units are not available until that faction type has reached their Worldwide reforms. In pre-Marian reforms, Rome’s auxiliary barracks will recruit Italian allied troops.
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